Core Concept

Digital Media: Content that combines computing, communication, and content, created, stored, and distributed in digital form.

Examples:

1. Netflix streaming platform combining video, audio, and interactive elements

2. Interactive news websites with embedded multimedia content

3. Social media platforms integrating text, images, video, and interactive elements

3.5A Types of Digital Media

Basic Digital Media Types

1. Text: Alphanumeric characters represented digitally.

   • Examples:

     • E-books on Amazon Kindle

     • Digital news articles on The New York Times website

     • Text messaging platforms like WhatsApp

2. Images: Visual content represented through digital pixels or vectors.

   • Examples:

     • Instagram photo sharing platform

     • Adobe Stock digital image library

     • Digital photography platforms like Flickr

3. Audio: Sound content in digital format.

   • Examples:

     • Spotify music streaming service

     • Audible audiobook platform

     • Sound cloud for independent music sharing

4. Animations: Simulated movement created by displaying a series of images or frames.

   • Examples:

     • Adobe Animate for creating web animations

     • Animated GIFs shared on messaging platforms

     • Animated stickers on Telegram and Signal

5. Video: Moving visual content combined with audio in digital format.

   • Examples:

     • YouTube video sharing platform

     • TikTok short-form video app

     • Video conferencing tools like Zoom

6. Web Pages: Documents or information resources formatted for display in web browsers.

   • Examples:

     • WordPress content management system

     • Squarespace website building platform

     • GitHub Pages for project websites

Interactive and Gaming Media

1. Gaming: Interactive entertainment software focused on player engagement.

   • Examples:

     • Steam digital game distribution platform

     • Fortnite multiplayer online game

     • Roblox game creation platform

2. E-sports: Competitive video gaming, often in organized tournaments.

   • Examples:

     • Twitch streaming platform for e-sports competitions

     • League of Legends professional tournaments

     • ESL (Electronic Sports League) competition platform

Social and Sharing-based Media

1. Blogs: Regularly updated websites typically run by an individual or small group.

   • Examples:

     • Medium blogging platform

     • Substack newsletter and blog service

     • WordPress.com hosted blogs

2. Vlogs: Video blogs featuring regular video content.

   • Examples:

     • YouTube vlogger channels

     • Daily vlog channels on TikTok

     • Vlogging content on Instagram Stories

3. Podcasts: Digital audio files available for streaming or download.

   • Examples:

     • Apple Podcasts distribution platform

     • Spotify podcast hosting and distribution

     • Anchor podcast creation and hosting platform

4. Vodcasting: Video-on-demand broadcasting distributed over the internet.

   • Examples:

     • Ted Talks video series

     • Khan Academy educational videos

     • Masterclass expert video lessons

5. Live Streaming: Broadcasting video content in real-time over the internet.

   • Examples:

     • Twitch live gaming streams

     • Instagram Live for real-time broadcasting

     • YouTube Live events and streams

6. Hashtags: Metadata tags preceded by the # symbol to categorize content.

   • Examples:

     • Twitter trending hashtags

     • Instagram hashtags for content discovery

     • TikTok hashtag challenges

7. Memes: Concepts, catchphrases, or media that spread rapidly online.

   • Examples:

     • Reddit r/memes community

     • 9GAG meme sharing platform

     • Instagram meme accounts

8. Wikis: Collaborative websites that allow users to contribute and edit content.

   • Examples:

     • Wikipedia online encyclopedia

     • Fandom (formerly Wikia) for fan communities

     • GitHub Wikis for project documentation

9. Streaming Media: Multimedia delivered and consumed continuously.

   • Examples:

     • Netflix streaming service

     • Spotify music streaming

     • Disney+ video streaming platform

User and AI Generated Content

1. User-Generated Content: Media created by users rather than traditional media producers.

   • Examples:

     • YouTube creator videos

     • Pinterest user-created pins and boards

     • Reddit user submissions and comments

2. Synthetic Digital Media: Artificially created media using computational techniques.

   • Examples:

     • DALL-E AI image generation platform

     • Synthesia AI video creation platform

     • Character.AI conversational AI platform

3. AI-Generated Media: Content created using artificial intelligence algorithms.

   • Examples:

     • Midjourney AI art generation

     • RunwayML AI video creation tools

     • OpenAI's GPT language models for text generation

4. Deepfakes: Synthetic media where a person's likeness is replaced with someone else's using AI.

   • Examples:

     • DeepFaceLab face-swapping technology

     • Reface app for face swapping in videos

     • Voice cloning technology like Descript's Overdub

3.5B Characteristics of Digital Media

1. Rapid Sharing: The ability to quickly distribute media across platforms and geographies.

   • Examples:

     • Twitter's retweet functionality

     • WhatsApp's forwarding feature

     • Facebook's share button

2. Efficient Storage: Compact digital storage requiring less physical space than analog equivalents.

   • Examples:

     • Google Drive cloud storage

     • Dropbox file hosting service

     • iCloud storage for Apple devices

3. Interactive: Allowing user engagement and participation rather than passive consumption.

   • Examples:

     • Quora question-and-answer platform

     • Interactive news graphics from The New York Times

     • Duolingo's interactive language learning app

4. Linear Content: Media consumed in a predetermined sequence.

   • Examples:

     • Traditional YouTube videos viewed from start to finish

     • Spotify playlist played in order

     • Netflix series watched episode by episode

5. Non-Linear Content: Media that can be navigated and accessed in multiple ways.

   • Examples:

     • Netflix's "Black Mirror: Bandersnatch" interactive film

     • Wikipedia's hyperlinked articles

     • Open-world video games like Minecraft

6. Convergence: Integration of different media forms and technologies.

   • Examples:

     • Facebook integrating text, images, video, and live streaming

     • Smart TVs combining television, internet, and apps

     • Modern smartphones functioning as cameras, computers, and communication devices

3.5C Immersive Digital Media

1. Augmented Reality (AR): Technology that overlays digital content on the real world.

   • Examples:

     • Pokémon GO mobile game

     • IKEA Place app for visualizing furniture in your space

     • Snapchat AR lenses

2. Virtual Reality (VR): Immersive technology creating a completely virtual environment.

   • Examples:

     • Meta Quest VR headsets

     • VRChat social platform

     • Beat Saber VR rhythm game

3. Mixed Reality (MR): Combining elements of both AR and VR, where physical and digital objects co-exist.

   • Examples:

     • Microsoft HoloLens applications

     • Magic Leap headset and platform

     • Varjo XR-3 headset for industrial applications

4. X Reality (XR): Umbrella term encompassing all immersive technologies (AR, VR, MR).

   • Examples:

     • Unity XR development platform

     • Unreal Engine XR content creation tools

     • Mozilla Hubs cross-platform XR spaces

3.5D Digital Media Dilemmas

Psychological Concerns

1. Addiction: Excessive and compulsive use of digital media.

   • Examples:

     • Social media addiction with platforms like Instagram

     • Gaming addiction with titles like Fortnite or World of Warcraft

     • Content addiction with streaming services like YouTube

2. Other Psychological Concerns: Mental health impacts related to digital media use.

   • Examples:

     • FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) from social media

     • Body image issues related to Instagram filters

     • Cyberbullying on platforms like Twitter

Media Industry Impacts

1. Impact on Journalism: Changes to traditional news media caused by digital transformation.

   • Examples:

     • Subscription-based models like The New York Times digital

     • Citizen journalism on platforms like Twitter

     • News aggregation apps like Apple News

2. Media Fragmentation: Division of mass media into many specialized channels or outlets.

   • Examples:

     • YouTube channels focusing on niche interests

     • Podcast networks specializing in specific topics

     • Substack newsletters for targeted audiences

3. Media Consolidation: Merging of media companies creating larger entities.

   • Examples:

     • Disney's acquisition of 21st Century Fox

     • Microsoft's acquisition of Activision Blizzard

     • Amazon's purchase of MGM Studios

Authenticity and Ownership

1. Media Authenticity: Concerns about the genuineness and accuracy of digital content.

   • Examples:

     • News fact-checking tools like Snopes

     • Content verification platforms like Truepic

     • Blockchain-based authenticity verification like Arweave

2. Deepfakes: AI-generated synthetic media that can manipulate or generate realistic imagery.

   • Examples:

     • DeepFaceLab software for creating face-swapped videos

     • Voice cloning tools like ElevenLabs

     • Deepfake detection technology like Microsoft Video Authenticator

3. Copyright: Legal rights granting creators exclusive use of their work.

   • Examples:

     • YouTube Content ID system

     • Digital Rights Management (DRM) in Kindle e-books

     • Stock photo watermarking on platforms like Shutterstock

4. Copyleft: Licensing strategy allowing free distribution and modification, requiring derivatives to use the same license.

   • Examples:

     • GNU/Linux operating system with GPL license

     • Wikipedia content under copyleft licensing

     • Firefox browser's open-source code

5. Creative Commons: Licensing framework allowing creators to specify permission terms.

   • Examples:

     • Flickr's Creative Commons image search

     • Wikimedia Commons media repository

     • Unsplash royalty-free image platform

6. Open Source: Software with source code freely available for modification and distribution.

   • Examples:

     • Android operating system

     • WordPress content management system

     • Python programming language

7. Remix Culture: Creative practices involving combining or editing existing materials.

   • Examples:

     • TikTok's "Duet" feature for responding to other videos

     • SoundCloud remix sharing

     • Meme generators that adapt existing templates

Preservation and Censorship

1. Media Obsolescence: Digital formats becoming unusable due to technological change.

   • Examples:

     • Flash-based websites becoming unplayable after Adobe Flash's end-of-life

     • Floppy disk-stored content becoming inaccessible

     • MySpace's data loss of millions of music files

2. Digital Preservation: Efforts to maintain access to digital content over time.

   • Examples:

     • Internet Archive's Wayback Machine

     • Digital Public Library of America

     • UNESCO's digital heritage preservation initiatives

3. Censorship: Suppression of digital content based on political, moral, or other grounds.

   • Examples:

     • China's Great Firewall blocking certain websites

     • Content moderation on platforms like Facebook

     • Government-mandated internet shutdowns

4. Content Filters: Systems that screen and block certain types of content.

   • Examples:

     • YouTube's restricted mode for younger users

     • Parental control software like Net Nanny

     • Corporate web filtering systems like Cisco Umbrella

5. Moral Panics: Public reactions of fear or concern about new media forms.

   • Examples:

     • Concerns about violent video games like Grand Theft Auto

     • Fears about social media platforms like TikTok

     • Reactions to emerging technologies like deepfakes

6. Decency Standards: Criteria determining acceptable content in public spaces.

   • Examples:

     • App store content ratings systems

     • Broadcasting standards applied to streaming services

     • Community guidelines on platforms like YouTube

7. Offensive Speech: Content considered harmful, insulting, or objectionable.

   • Examples:

     • Hate speech moderation on Twitter

     • Content warning systems on platforms like Instagram

     • Anti-harassment tools in online games

8. Objectionable Content: Material deemed inappropriate based on cultural, ethical, or legal standards.

   • Examples:

     • Facebook's content moderation for graphic violence

     • Age verification systems on adult content websites

     • Reddit's quarantined communities system

IB DP Digital Society - Section 3.5 Media EXAM Practice Questions

Define/State Questions

1. Define the term "digital media" as used in digital society.

2. State three different types of user-generated digital media.

3. Define "deepfakes" and state one potential concern associated with this technology.

4. State four characteristics of digital media that distinguish it from traditional analog media.

5. Define "augmented reality" and state how it differs from virtual reality.

6. State three examples of immersive digital media technologies.

7. Define what is meant by "media convergence" in the context of digital society.

8. State two ways that copyright protection applies to digital media.

Identify Questions

9. Identify three types of synthetic digital media being used in contemporary society.

10. Identify four examples of how digital media has impacted traditional journalism.

11. Identify two key differences between copyleft and traditional copyright approaches.

12. Identify three characteristics of non-linear digital content.

13. Identify four psychological concerns associated with digital media consumption.

14. Identify three ways that content filters are implemented in digital society.

15. Identify two challenges related to digital preservation of media content.

Outline Questions

16. Outline three ways in which streaming media differs from traditional broadcast media.

17. Outline the relationship between user-generated content and media authenticity.

18. Outline two potential consequences of media consolidation in the digital age.

19. Outline how virtual reality technology is being applied in educational contexts.

20. Outline the concept of remix culture and its relationship to copyright law.

Describe Questions

21. Describe three characteristics of augmented reality applications.

22. Describe two ways that memes function as a form of digital communication.

23. Describe how podcasts have evolved as a digital media format.

24. Describe three examples of media obsolescence in digital society.

25. Describe how Creative Commons licensing affects the sharing of digital media.

Explain Questions

26. Explain how deepfake technology creates challenges for media authenticity.

27. Explain two ways that digital media convergence has affected content consumption patterns.

28. Explain three potential impacts of e-sports on traditional sports entertainment.

29. Explain how hashtags function to categorize and distribute content across digital platforms.

30. Explain two ways that digital censorship differs from traditional media censorship.

Compare Questions

31. Compare augmented reality and virtual reality technologies, focusing on their applications in education.

32. Compare linear and non-linear content consumption in digital media environments.

33. Compare copyright and copyleft approaches to intellectual property in digital media.

34. Compare the psychological impacts of passive and interactive digital media consumption.

35. Compare traditional text-based blogs with modern vlogging platforms.

Suggest Questions

36. Suggest two ways that mixed reality technology might develop in the next decade.

37. Suggest three potential solutions to the problem of digital media addiction.

38. Suggest two approaches to preserving digital media content that is at risk of obsolescence.

39. Suggest three criteria that could be used to evaluate the authenticity of digital media content.

40. Suggest how the concept of ownership might evolve as synthetic media becomes more prevalent.

Discuss Questions

41. Discuss how the rise of user-generated content has challenged traditional media production models.

42. Discuss the ethical implications of creating and sharing deepfake content.

43. Discuss how media fragmentation affects access to reliable information in digital society.

44. Discuss the tension between free expression and content moderation in digital media platforms.

45. Discuss how immersive technologies like XR might reshape social interactions in digital environments.

3.5 Media - Key Terms and Their Characteristics

Core Concept

Digital Media

Characteristics:

• Exists in binary format (0s and 1s)

• Can be easily duplicated without quality loss

• Highly manipulable and editable

• Transmittable across networks

• Requires digital devices for creation and consumption

• Can combine multiple media types

• Increasingly interactive and participatory

• Storable in compact formats

• Can be algorithmically processed and analyzed

3.5A Types of Digital Media

Text

Characteristics:

• Digitally encoded alphanumeric characters

• Searchable and indexable

• Variable formatting and styling

• Hypertext capabilities

• Machine-readable

• Can be easily translated

• Requires minimal bandwidth

• Highly compressible

• Accessible to screen readers

Images

Characteristics:

• Composed of pixels or vector paths

• Various file formats (JPEG, PNG, SVG, etc.)

• Scalable or resolution-dependent

• Metadata capabilities

• Editable through digital tools

• Compressible with or without quality loss

• Can be layered and composited

• Filterable and manipulable

• Capable of animation

Audio

Characteristics:

• Time-based linear content

• Various sampling rates and bit depths

• Multiple compression formats

• Streamable or downloadable

• Editability of individual components

• Capable of multichannel output

• Metadata tagging

• Digital signal processing capabilities

• Synchronizable with other media types

Animations

Characteristics:

• Sequential frames creating illusion of movement

• Variable frame rates

• Can be vector or raster-based

• Interactive possibilities

• Looping capabilities

• Keyframe-based creation

• Scalable complexity

• Programmable behaviors

• Integration with other media types

Video

Characteristics:

• Combines visual frames with audio

• Various resolutions and aspect ratios

• Multiple compression codecs

• Streamable or downloadable

• Supports multiple audio tracks

• Capable of special effects

• Editable at frame level

• Metadata capabilities

• Variable frame rates

Web Pages

Characteristics:

• Structured with HTML

• Styled with CSS

• Interactive through JavaScript

• Hyperlinked to other content

• Responsive to different devices

• Capable of embedding other media types

• Updateable in real-time

• Searchable content

• Accessible (with proper design)

Gaming

Characteristics:

• Interactive user control

• Rule-based systems

• Goal-oriented experiences

• Real-time feedback

• Variable difficulty levels

• Multiplayer capabilities

• Immersive environments

• Progression systems

• Emergent gameplay possibilities

E-sports

Characteristics:

• Competitive structured gameplay

• Spectator-oriented presentation

• Professional players and teams

• Tournament ecosystems

• Streaming integration

• Commentary and analysis

• Fan communities

• Sponsorship and monetization

• Skill-based rankings

Social and Sharing-based Media

Blogs

Characteristics:

• Chronological content organization

• Author-centric perspective

• Comment capabilities

• Regular updating

• Topical focus

• RSS feed distribution

• Archival organization

• Tagging and categorization

• Search functionality

Vlogs

Characteristics:

• Video-based personal narratives

• Personality-driven content

• Direct address to audience

• Regular posting schedule

• Personal perspective

• Often informal production style

• Comment engagement

• Cross-platform promotion

• Episode-based format

Podcasts

Characteristics:

• Audio-focused content

• Episode-based format

• Subscription model

• Downloadable for offline listening

• Specialized topics or themes

• Host-driven narrative

• Interview or conversation formats

• Series organization

• RSS distribution

Vodcasting

Characteristics:

• Video-based episodic content

• On-demand availability

• Subscription options

• Higher production quality than vlogs

• Topical focus

• Series organization

• Distribution across multiple platforms

• Metadata for discoverability

• Monetization options

Live Streaming

Characteristics:

• Real-time broadcast

• Audience interaction via chat

• Unedited content

• Immediacy and authenticity

• Technical variability

• Platform-specific features

• Notification systems

• Replay capabilities

• Donation/monetization options

Hashtags

Characteristics:

• Categorization function

• Cross-platform compatibility

• User-generated taxonomy

• Searchability

• Trend formation

• Community building

• Campaign organization

• Metadata function

• Discoverability enhancement

Memes

Characteristics:

• Highly shareable format

• Cultural references

• Remixable templates

• Rapid evolution

• Contextual humor

• Simplicity

• Virality potential

• Community in-jokes

• Cross-platform spread

Wikis

Characteristics:

• Collaborative editing

• Version history

• Hyperlinked structure

• Community governance

• Citation requirements

• Discussion spaces

• Categorical organization

• Open contribution model

• Transparent editing process

Streaming Media

Characteristics:

• Real-time data transfer

• On-demand accessibility

• Bandwidth-dependent quality

• Buffer capabilities

• Content libraries

• Recommendation algorithms

• Subscription models

• Multi-device compatibility

• Autoplay features

User and AI Generated Content

User-Generated Content

Characteristics:

• Created by consumers rather than professionals

• Variable quality and production values

• Authentic personal expression

• Platform-dependent formatting

• Community feedback mechanisms

• Lower barriers to creation

• Diverse perspectives

• Remixable

• Decentralized production

Synthetic Digital Media

Characteristics:

• Algorithmically created

• No natural-world capture required

• Scalable production

• Customizable outputs

• Data-driven creation

• Replicable processes

• Variable authenticity markers

• Improving realism over time

• Novel creative possibilities

AI-Generated Media

Characteristics:

• Created using machine learning models

• Training data influences

• Probabilistic outputs

• Prompt-based generation

• Can combine multiple influences

• Increasingly photorealistic

• Rapid production capabilities

• Customizable parameters

• Evolving capabilities

Deepfakes

Characteristics:

• Face or voice replacement technology

• Photorealistic synthesis

• Neural network generation

• Training on existing media

• Variable detection difficulty

• Improving quality over time

• Potential for misrepresentation

• Specialized AI techniques

• Synthesis of non-existent content

3.5B Characteristics of Digital Media

Rapid Sharing

Characteristics:

• Near-instantaneous distribution

• Global reach potential

• One-to-many capabilities

• Cross-platform sharing

• Viral spread patterns

• Minimal distribution cost

• Easy duplication

• Sharing metrics

• Link-based referencing

Efficient Storage

Characteristics:

• High compression ratios

• Decreasing cost per gigabyte

• Minimal physical space requirements

• Cloud-based options

• Redundancy possibilities

• Searchable archives

• Metadata organization

• Scalable capacity

• Format standardization

Interactive

Characteristics:

• User input alters experience

• Two-way communication

• Personalized pathways

• Feedback mechanisms

• User agency

• Variable engagement levels

• Response to user actions

• Branching possibilities

• Participatory design

Linear Content

Characteristics:

• Predetermined sequence

• Beginning-to-end consumption

• Creator-controlled narrative

• Time-based progression

• Consistent user experience

• Traditional storytelling structure

• Fixed duration

• Predictable format

• Passive consumption model

Non-Linear Content

Characteristics:

• Multiple entry points

• User-determined pathways

• Hyperlinked structure

• Variable consumption order

• Modular design

• Exploration-based experience

• Multiple narrative possibilities

• Database organization

• User control over pacing

Convergence

Characteristics:

• Integration of multiple media types

• Cross-platform compatibility

• Technological standardization

• Industry consolidation

• Blurring of traditional boundaries

• Multiple functions in single devices

• Transmedia storytelling

• Format adaptation

• Integration of distribution channels

3.5C Immersive Digital Media

Augmented Reality (AR)

Characteristics:

• Digital overlay on physical world

• Camera-dependent view

• Real-time processing

• Spatial tracking

• Object recognition capabilities

• Mobile device accessibility

• Interactive digital elements

• Contextual information display

• Blending of physical and digital

Virtual Reality (VR)

Characteristics:

• Fully immersive digital environment

• Head-mounted display technology

• 360-degree visuals

• Spatial audio

• Motion tracking

• Controller or gesture-based interaction

• Presence and immersion

• Isolation from physical world

• 3D spatial experiences

Mixed Reality (MR)

Characteristics:

• Physical and digital object interaction

• Environmental understanding

• Persistence of digital objects

• Depth sensing

• Seamless integration of real and virtual

• Advanced spatial mapping

• Natural interaction methods

• Shared experiences possible

• Physical world anchoring

X Reality (XR)

Characteristics:

• Umbrella term for immersive technologies

• Spectrum of immersive experiences

• Cross-platform development

• Standardized tools and interfaces

• Variable immersion levels

• Multi-sensory possibilities

• Evolving technological standards

• Interoperability goals

• Multidisciplinary applications

3.5D Digital Media Dilemmas

Psychological Concerns

Addiction

Characteristics:

• Compulsive usage patterns

• Withdrawal symptoms

• Interference with daily functioning

• Tolerance development

• Usage despite negative consequences

• Preoccupation with the activity

• Loss of time awareness

• Usage as coping mechanism

• Defensive behavior about usage

Other Psychological Concerns

Characteristics:

• Social comparison effects

• FOMO (Fear of Missing Out)

• Information overload

• Digital stress

• Online harassment impacts

• Body image issues

• Sleep disruption

• Attention fragmentation

• Filter bubble isolation

Media Industry Impacts

Impact on Journalism

Characteristics:

• Shift to digital-first publication

• Changing revenue models

• Speed over verification pressure

• User engagement metrics influence

• Blurring of news and opinion

• Rise of citizen journalism

• Algorithmic news distribution

• Interactive and multimedia reporting

• Data-driven journalism

Media Fragmentation

Characteristics:

• Multiplication of content sources

• Niche audience targeting

• Specialized content creation

• Audience attention division

• Platform proliferation

• Personalized content streams

• Decreased shared media experiences

• Algorithmic curation

• Narrowcasting versus broadcasting

Media Consolidation

Characteristics:

• Ownership concentration

• Cross-platform integration

• Vertical integration of production and distribution

• Economies of scale

• Reduced competition

• Content uniformity pressures

• Leveraging content across platforms

• Data aggregation advantages

• Bundled media offerings

Authenticity and Ownership

Media Authenticity

Characteristics:

• Verification challenges

• Source credibility issues

• Manipulated media detection

• Context preservation

• Provenance tracking

• Timestamp verification

• Metadata integrity

• Digital watermarking

• Chain of custody concerns

Deepfakes

Characteristics:

• AI-generated synthetic media

• Photorealistic quality

• Difficult detection

• Voice and face synthesis

• Potential for misrepresentation

• Evolving technology

• Identity appropriation

• Performance synthesis

• Multiple creation techniques

Copyright

Characteristics:

• Legal protection for creators

• Limited duration

• Exclusive rights to reproduction

• Territory-specific enforcement

• Digital rights management

• Licensing requirements

• Infringement penalties

• Fair use/fair dealing exceptions

• Registration systems

Copyleft

Characteristics:

• Guarantees freedom to share and modify

• Requires maintaining same freedoms

• Viral licensing effect

• Open source connection

• Alternative to restrictive copyright

• Community-oriented philosophy

• Software origins

• Legal enforceability

• Public benefit focus

Creative Commons

Characteristics:

• Standardized licensing framework

• Creator-selected permissions

• Machine-readable licensing

• Attribution requirements

• Commercial use options

• Derivative works options

• Share-alike provisions

• Public domain dedication option

• Simplifies legal sharing

Open Source

Characteristics:

• Publicly available source code

• Collaborative development model

• Free redistribution rights

• Modification permissions

• Community governance

• Transparency

• Merit-based contributions

• Documentation requirements

• License compliance

Remix Culture

Characteristics:

• Recombination of existing works

• Transformation and recontextualization

• Digital tool enablement

• Community participation

• Citation and reference

• Legal gray areas

• Creative reinterpretation

• Cultural commentary function

• Democratized creation

Preservation and Censorship

Media Obsolescence

Characteristics:

• Format deprecation

• Hardware dependencies

• Software dependencies

• Backward compatibility issues

• Digital decay

• Proprietary format risks

• Migration requirements

• Emulation challenges

• Data loss risks

Digital Preservation

Characteristics:

• Format migration strategies

• Metadata documentation

• Redundant storage

• Institutional archiving

• File format standards

• Checksums for integrity

• Emulation techniques

• Legal deposit frameworks

• Access maintenance

Censorship

Characteristics:

• Content removal or blocking

• Access restriction

• Government or platform-based

• Varying legal frameworks

• Technical implementation methods

• Transparency issues

• Circumvention technologies

• Self-censorship pressure

• Cultural and political influences

Content Filters

Characteristics:

• Algorithmic content screening

• Keyword or image recognition

• Age-appropriate filtering

• User-configurable settings

• False positive possibilities

• Circumvention vulnerabilities

• Platform-specific implementation

• Automated versus human review

• Cultural context challenges

Moral Panics

Characteristics:

• Disproportionate societal concern

• Media amplification

• New technology focus

• Youth protection framing

• Political opportunism

• Simplification of complex issues

• Historical patterns of recurrence

• Research versus perception gaps

• Regulatory reaction pressure

Decency Standards

Characteristics:

• Cultural relativity

• Evolving social norms

• Age-specific considerations

• Platform-specific rules

• Subjective interpretation

• Content rating systems

• Community standards

• Enforcement mechanisms

• Regional variations

Offensive Speech

Characteristics:

• Contextual interpretation

• Cultural sensitivity issues

• Platform policy definitions

• Free expression tensions

• Targeted versus general content

• Intent versus impact considerations

• Reporting mechanisms

• Moderation challenges

• Platform liability questions

Objectionable Content

Characteristics:

• Variable definitions by jurisdiction

• Age restriction mechanisms

• Platform prohibition policies

• Takedown procedures

• Detection technologies

• User reporting systems

• Legal compliance requirements

• Content warning approaches

• International legal variations